The business cycle is the natural rise and fall of economic growth that occurs over time. It consists of four main phases: Peak, Recession, Trough, and Expansion. Each phase plays a crucial role in shaping the economy and influencing business and consumer behavior. To better understand these phases, let’s explore them with examples from the…
The Indian stock markets have been facing increased volatility, with the BSE Sensex and Nifty 50 showing a downward trend in recent sessions. With concerns over economic slowdown, corporate earnings pressure, foreign investor outflows, and the recent U.S. tariff policies, investors are closely watching whether markets will continue their decline on Monday, February 24, 2025….
When only a handful of companies dominate a market, the rules of competition change dramatically. From pricing strategies to production decisions, these firms engage in a complex dance of interdependence, impacting everything from the cost of your groceries to the latest tech innovations. This article explores the fascinating world of oligopoly models, revealing how companies…
The economy is like a tightrope walker, balancing carefully to avoid a fall. Governments and central banks act as skilled performers, using monetary and fiscal policies to maintain stability. But what exactly are these policies, and how do they impact your daily life? Let’s unravel the complexities. Monetary Policy: The Central Bank’s Steering Wheel Imagine…
U.S. President Donald Trump’s recent announcement of a 25% tariff on steel and 10% on aluminium imports has sent shockwaves through global markets. While India’s direct exports to the U.S. are limited, the ripple effects could disrupt the Indian metal industry in unexpected ways. Here’s a look at what’s at stake for India—explained in…
Introduction: Why Currency Risk Matters In today’s interconnected global economy, Indian companies that engage in international trade often face a hidden challenge: currency risk. This risk arises when companies receive payments or make payments in foreign currencies. Fluctuations in exchange rates can lead to unexpected losses or reduced profits. So, how can Indian businesses protect…
Yield Measures on Bank Certificates of Deposit Suppose an investor is comparing the following two money market instruments. Which offers the higher expected rate of return, assuming that credit risks are the same? A 90-day commercial paper (CP) issued by Bright Wheel Automotive Corporation (BRWA), quoted at a discount rate of 0.100% for…
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman presented the Union Budget for the fiscal year 2025-26, introducing a series of measures aimed at stimulating economic growth, providing tax relief to the middle class, and bolstering various sectors. Here’s a comprehensive overview of the key highlights: Income Tax Reforms: Increased Tax Exemption Limit: The income tax exemption threshold has…
Cash Flow Statement Analysis: Cash Flow Ratios Introduction Analyzing cash flow statements is essential for assessing a company’s liquidity, solvency, and overall financial health. In the exam, understanding cash flow ratios helps candidates evaluate a company’s ability to generate cash, meet obligations, and sustain operations. These ratios are divided into performance (profitability) ratios and coverage…
In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, ensuring robust network security is a priority for organizations. Penetration testing, often referred to as ethical hacking, plays a pivotal role in identifying vulnerabilities and testing the resilience of an organization’s defenses. This article delves into the nuances of penetration testing, highlighting key considerations and methodologies. What is Penetration…